Restraint of stress in fabricating the large areas of crack-free porous silica films in the presence of composite polydimethylsiloxane

To present a new method of fabricating the large areas of crack-free porous silica films by introduction of composite polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS). We employed two kinds of side-chain polyether modified by PDMS terminated with Si–CH₃ and Si–OC₂H₅ groups in preparation of large areas of porous silica films. The porous film presents a mesopore structure with a porosity of 58.0 %, which is fit for thermal-isolating layer applied in pyroelectric devices. The stress evolution on gel-to-ceramic film conversion has been investigated. The results reveal that a slow decrease in tensile stress before 250 °C and a slow increase after 250 °C can be observed, which is closely related to the alteration of chemical composition in the heat-treatment process. It is clear that the stress has been restrained with the addition of composite PDMS.     

水资源短缺风险因子的筛选模型

水资源短缺评价首先需要确定指标体系,投影寻踪模型与灰色关联度法相结合,可以有效地筛选出水资源短缺风险因子,为进一步进行风险评价奠定了基础,同时也为制定风险的防范措施和对策提供了理论依据.综合应用这两种模型,对北京市2001～2009年的水资源短缺风险进行研究,结果表明:降水量、日照时数、雨日数、单位GDP污水排放量、人均GDP、工业总产值占有率、污水处理率和水循环使用率这8个指标是北京市水资源短缺的主要风险因子.     

Impacts of hybrid synapses on the noise-delayed decay in scale-free neural networks

We study the phenomenon of noise-delayed decay in a scale-free neural network consisting of excitable FitzHugh–Nagumo neurons. In contrast to earlier works, where only electrical synapses are considered among neurons, we primarily examine the effects of hybrid synapses on the noise-delayed decay in this study. We show that the electrical synaptic coupling is more impressive than the chemical coupling in determining the appearance time of the first-spike and more efficient on the mitigation of the delay time in the detection of a suprathreshold input signal. We obtain that hybrid networks including inhibitory chemical synapses have higher signal detection capabilities than those of including excitatory ones. We also find that average degree exhibits two different effects, which are strengthening and weakening the noise-delayed decay effect depending on the noise intensity.     

世博会对上海旅游业影响力的定量评估

针对世博会对上海旅游业影响力的定量评估问题,建立了基于改进的AHP-TOPSIS综合评价模型.首先建立世博会对旅游业影响力的层次结构,选取包括上海世博会在内的四届世博会作为评价对象,同时采用GM(1,1)模型对上海世博会评价指标值进行预测,然后运用改进的AHP确定权重,最后利用TOPSIS方法得到各评价对象与理想解的接近程度.结果显示,上海世博会与正理想解的接近程度为0.9545,上海世博会对自身旅游业的影响力要高于其他三届世博会.     

施主掺杂对BaTiO3钙钛矿半导体纳米晶光催化性能的影响

以沉淀法制备的Cu_2O为牺牲模板剂,采用水热法制备La施主掺杂的BaTiO_3钙钛矿半导体纳米晶,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱((XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)表征La掺杂的BaTiO_3晶的物相、微观形貌及光催化性能。结果表明,La掺杂BaTiO_3构建了晶体缺陷,有效提高了BaTiO_3的光催化性能。当掺杂量为4%(w/w)时,样品的光催化性能最好,在可见光照射360 min后,对4-硝基苯酚溶液的降解率可达到93.2%。该催化剂5次循环后的活性仍然大于86.7%,表明La施主掺杂的BaTiO_3是一种有效的可见光催化剂。     

A convenient synthesis of (+)-albicanol based on enzymatic function: total syntheses of (+)-albicanyl acetate, (−)-albicanyl 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate, (−)-drimenol, (−)-drimenin and (−)-ambrox

By using lipase ‘PL-266’ from Alcaligenes sp. enantioselective acetylation of (±)-albicanol 4 with isopropenyl acetate gave the enantiomerically pure (+)-albicanyl acetate 3 and (+)-albicanol 4. Deprotection of (+)-3 afforded the natural (+)-albicanol 4 which was converted to the natural products (−)-albicanyl 3,4-dihydroxycinnamate 7, (−)-drimenol 8, (−)-drimenin 9 and (−)-ambrox 10.     

D-甘露醇衍生的新型手性硫脲的合成及其在Henry反应中的应用

以D-甘露醇为原料,经缩合,醇解,叠氮化和还原等4步反应制得含联1,3-二氧六环骨架的手性胺中间体(4); 4分别与3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基异硫氰酯,表奎宁异硫氰酸酯和表奎尼丁异硫氰酸酯偶联合成了3个新型的手性硫脲(6a~6c),其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和HR-MS表征。以硝基甲烷和苯甲醛的不对称Henry反应为探针反应,考察了6的催化活性。结果表明：在以吡啶为碱,甲苯为溶剂,6b 5%(摩尔百分数),于-30 ℃反应24 h的条件下,(S)-2-硝基-1-苯基乙醇的收率和对映选择性分别为69%和78%。